What was bangladesh called before 1971

It is often brought up during any escalation of tensions between the two countries. However, also holds other meanings for contemporary India. The large number of refugees which poured into Indian territories — approximately 10 million by the estimate of the Indian government — later became a major internal issue. Tensions between refugees and host populations ensued, with fears that the refugees from opar Bangla the other side of Bengal may permanently settle, putting a burden on already stretched resources and changing the demographics of the host states.

This unwelcoming feeling towards the refugees did not dissipate with the war. In the Indian state of Assam, where many Bengalis have settled over the years, their presence has remained contentious. Recently, the final list of the National Register for Citizens was issued, with March 24, , set as the cut-off date for inclusion in the register.

It is the day before Pakistan launched its military operation in East Pakistan, which pushed many Bengalis across the border. Close to 2 million people, those who could not prove that they or family members resided in the state prior to March , have been excluded from the register, which can render them stateless.

Critics have argued that the register is being used to target Muslims in an increasingly Hindu majoritarian country. The war of thus remains central in India, tied both to the saviour narrative as well as the question of who truly belongs. In Pakistan, the state has resorted to selective forgetting of what happened in Perceived as a humiliating defeat, the war is brushed over in textbooks and there is little acknowledgement of the military oppression and the resulting atrocities in East Pakistan.

What is hailed as liberation in Bangladesh is awkwardly recalled by Pakistanis as the Fall of Dhaka or dismemberment of Pakistan every December When is addressed it is often to stress upon the killings of non-Bengalis before the war, presented as a justification for military action.

Resolving to never let a similar situation arise again, Pakistan increased its defence spending and launched a nuclear programme aimed at developing a nuclear weapon as early as January The lesson learned from was the military has to be stronger to prevent another defeat. Moreover, in the post-war years, Pakistani textbooks were revised with an overt anti-India and anti-Hindu slant.

To this day, the Pakistani narrative makes some exaggerated claims, such as Indian-influenced Hindu teachers manipulating students and breeding secessionist sentiments in East Pakistan.

Furthermore, as new independence struggles erupted in the region, in the form of the Khalistan movement for a separate Sikh state and in the movement in Kashmir, scholars have argued that Pakistan resorted to using similar strategies to those India had in East Pakistan to support these movements.

Local grievances were closely studied and support was offered to groups fighting against the Indian state just as India had provided support to Bengalis fighting the Pakistani state. Due to the operations of this sector the Dhaka-Chittagong highway in between Comilla and Feni was denied to the Pakistanis throughout the nine months of war of liberation. One of the most successful operations of this sector was the defence of the Belonia Bulge.

The entries Belonia Bulge was kept liberated by the combined forces of 1 and 2 sectors till 21 June. In this sector, a number of regular companies operated deep inside Bangladesh. The urban guerrillas carried out a number of successful operations in Dhaka city itself. Sector 3 comprised of the area between Churaman Kathi near Sreemangal and Sylhet in the north and Singerbil of Brahmanbaria in the south.

The sector headquarters was at Hejamara. Nineteen guerilla bases operated in this sector. By November , the number of the guerilla fighters in the sector stood at nearly thirty thousand. They blew up a number of bridges on Comilla-Sylhet road which cut off Pakistan army's lines of communication. One of their most successful operations was the blowing up of a train by anti-tank mine near Shayestaganj. Sector 4 comprised of the area from Habiganj sub-division of Sylhet district on the north to Kanaighat thana on the south along the mile long border with India.

The sector was organised from amongst the EPR troops of Sylhet and student freedom fighters. The headquarters of the sector was initially at Karimganj and later at Masimpur in Assam. The freedom fighters in this sector included about nine thousand guerilla fighters and about four thousand regular members of the armed forces. Sector 5 comprised of the area from Durgapur to Dauki Tamabil of Sylhet district and the entire area upto the eastern borders of the district.

Sector commander was Major Mir Shawkat Ali. The headquarters of the sector was at Banshtala. The sector was composed of regulars and guerillas. The sector covered most of the marshy areas of Sunamganj and Chhatak.

Troops of this sector blew up a number of bridges on Sylhet, Tamabil and Sylhet-Sunamgonj roads. The most successful operation of this sector was the raid on Chhatak. Sector 6 comprised of entire Rangpur district and Thakurgaon subdivision of Dinajpur district. Wing Commander M Khdemul Bashar was the sector commander. The headquarters of the sector was at Burimari near Patgram, and this was the only sector which had its headquarters inside Bangladesh territory. The number of soldiers in this sector was , which rose to about eleven thousand in December consisting of regular force and Gana Bahini.

The northern areas of Rangpur district were held by the troops of this sector. The guerillas of this sector established 35 bases all over Rangpur and Dinajpur.

Sector 7 comprised of the districts of Rajshahi, Pabna, Bogra and southern part of Dinajpur district. The headquarters of the sector was at Tarangapur near Balurghat.

About regulars and guerillas fought in this sector. The troops of this sector raided Maheskanda and Paragpur in June and the Mohanpur police station in August inflicting heavy casualties to the enemy. Captain Idris, commander of the Hamzapur sub-sector, ambushed several Pakistani columns and blew up a train near Parbatipur.

At the end of May the sector was reconstituted and comprised the districts of Kusthia, Jessore and Khulna, Satkhira sub-division, and the northern part of Faridpur district.

The headquarters of the sector was at Kalyani. The sector had regulars and 25, guerillas. The regular forces held a number of liberated areas while the guerillas established several bases deep inside Bangladesh.

In this sector a new tactics was followed. Regular troops were made to infiltrate 7 of 8 miles inside Bangladesh and take up all-round defence around a tactical feature, thereby inviting the Pakistan army to attack on them. By doing so, they inflicted heavy casualties to the attacking enemy. Sector 9 comprised of the districts of Barisal and Patuakhali, and southern part of Khulna and part of Faridpur district.

The headquarters of the sector was established at Taki near Bashirhat. The sector had about 20, freedom fighters. The three sub-sectors of the sector were: Taki, Hingalganj, and Shamshernagar.

In this sectror even regular troops operated deep inside Bangladesh. Captain Shahjahan Omar led a large group of guerillas in Barisal. Captain Mehdi Ali Imam operated in Patuakhali from an established base. Lt Zia organised a huge force in Sundarbans. Captain Huda commanded the bulk of the regular troops near the border. He captured Uksha border outpost in June and kept it liberated throughout. The troops of this sector also raided Debhata Shyamnagar police stations.

The water channels of Barisal-Patuakhali area mostly dominated by river patrolling. Prior to the final offensive in December this sector was merged with sector 8 and placed under the command of Major Manzoor. Sector 10 This sector was constituted with the naval commandos. Eight Bangali officers of Pakistan Navy trained in France were the pioneers in forming this force. These eight officers were given special training on the river Jamuna near Delhi under the auspices of the Indian Navy.

The Partition of India: What happened? Surfing in Bangladesh: The sport making waves with kids. These comments are now closed. Should the number of dislikes on YouTube videos be hidden? Cumbre Vieja volcano continues to erupt on La Palma. Home Menu. Bangladesh celebrates 50 years of independence.

Getty Images. Why did East Pakistan want to become independent? What was British India was divided into two independent states which would rule themselves: India, and Pakistan. Cyclone Bhola caused devastation in November How did the fighting begin? Streets in the city of Madhabpur were completely destroyed during the conflict. The war caught people's attention around the world with protestors in London calling for Bangladesh's independence to be recognised.

Streets was left unrecognisable after the fighting. How was the war won? Many refugees came to Calcutta, the capital of West Bengal and India's largest city. Mukti Bahini army celebrate in the back of their truck after the Pakistani army surrendered. East Pakistan later split from Pakistan and became Bangladesh in What happened after the war?

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is considered the founder of Bangladesh and was the country's first President. More like this. Surfing in Bangladesh: The sport making waves with kids 15 May 15 May Your Comments Join the conversation. To use comments you will need to have JavaScript enabled. Happy Bangladesh Independence day! Though have never been to the place a schoolmate and great and passionate friend of mine is from bangladesh. I'm from Bangladesh! IcyOrangeAsh 26 Mar.